{"id":1083,"date":"2026-10-27T01:00:17","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T00:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/multylinguas.com\/?page_id=1083"},"modified":"2026-10-27T01:04:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T00:04:44","slug":"gestion-de-inventarios-y-logistica-de-almacen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/multylinguas.com\/index.php\/gestion-de-inventarios-y-logistica-de-almacen\/","title":{"rendered":"Espanhol de trabajo Gesti\u00f3n de inventarios y log\u00edstica de almac\u00e9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1083\" class=\"elementor elementor-1083\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0684c94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0684c94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b41945f\" data-id=\"b41945f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1857cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d1857cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7893901242451052\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n\n<style>\n  \/* --- FORZAR FONDO BLANCO EN TODO WORDPRESS \/ ELEMENTOR (ELIMINA EL GRIS LATERAL) --- *\/\n  html, body, #page, .site, .site-content, .entry-content, .elementor, .elementor-section-wrap, .elementor-section {\n    background-color: #FFFFFF !important;\n    background: #FFFFFF !important;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- VARIABLES Y CONTENEDOR FULL WIDTH MULTYLINGUAS --- *\/\n  .ml-lesson-container {\n    --ml-navy: #0F2C59;\n    --ml-blue: #2563EB;\n    --ml-blue-soft: #EFF6FF;\n    --ml-amber: #F59E0B;\n    --ml-amber-bg: #FEF3C7;\n    --ml-whatsapp: #25D366;\n    --ml-whatsapp-hover: #20BD5A;\n    --ml-text: #334155;\n    --ml-text-muted: #64748B;\n    --ml-white: #FFFFFF;\n    --ml-border: #E2E8F0;\n    --ml-radius-card: 16px;\n    --ml-radius-item: 10px;\n    --ml-radius-pill: 9999px;\n    --ml-shadow: 0 4px 20px -2px rgba(15, 44, 89, 0.08);\n    --ml-shadow-hover: 0 8px 30px -4px rgba(15, 44, 89, 0.14);\n    \n    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;\n    color: var(--ml-text);\n    line-height: 1.75;\n    width: 100% !important;\n    max-width: 100% !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    padding: 30px 20px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n    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rgba(15, 44, 89, 0.22);\n    text-align: center;\n    max-width: 440px;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);\n  }\n  .ml-video-box-title {\n    font-size: 1.2rem;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    margin: 0 0 6px 0;\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n  }\n  .ml-video-box-desc {\n    font-size: 0.9rem;\n    color: #CBD5E1;\n    margin: 0 0 20px 0;\n  }\n  .ml-shorts-wrapper {\n    max-width: 250px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    border-radius: 14px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    position: relative;\n    padding-top: 444px;\n    height: 0;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n    background-color: #000;\n  }\n  .ml-shorts-wrapper iframe {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    border: none;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- T\u00cdTULOS DE SECCI\u00d3N --- *\/\n  .ml-section-title {\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n    font-size: 1.5rem;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    margin: 44px 0 16px 0;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 10px;\n  }\n  .ml-section-title::before {\n    content: \"\";\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 6px;\n    height: 24px;\n    background-color: var(--ml-blue);\n    border-radius: 3px;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- FICHAS T\u00c9CNICAS DE LOS 9 T\u00c9RMINOS LOG\u00cdSTICOS --- *\/\n  .ml-term-card {\n    background-color: var(--ml-white);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-top: 4px solid var(--ml-navy);\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-card);\n    padding: 24px;\n    margin-bottom: 24px;\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow);\n    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .ml-term-card:hover {\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow-hover);\n  }\n  .ml-term-header {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 10px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    padding-bottom: 12px;\n    margin-bottom: 14px;\n  }\n  .ml-term-title {\n    font-size: 1.25rem;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n    margin: 0;\n  }\n  .ml-pt-tag {\n    background-color: #FEF2F2;\n    color: #DC2626;\n    border: 1px solid #FECACA;\n    font-size: 0.82rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    padding: 4px 12px;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-pill);\n  }\n  .ml-list {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n    padding-left: 20px;\n  }\n  .ml-list li {\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n  }\n  .ml-example-box {\n    background-color: #F8FAFC;\n    border-left: 4px solid var(--ml-blue);\n    padding: 12px 16px;\n    border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    font-size: 0.93rem;\n  }\n  .ml-example-box p {\n    margin: 0 0 6px 0;\n  }\n  .ml-example-box p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- TABLA RESUMEN REGIONAL --- *\/\n  .ml-table-container {\n    width: 100%;\n    overflow-x: auto;\n    margin: 24px 0 36px 0;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-card);\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    background-color: var(--ml-white);\n  }\n  .ml-table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 0.92rem;\n  }\n  .ml-table th {\n    background-color: var(--ml-navy);\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    padding: 13px 15px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 0.82rem;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .ml-table td {\n    padding: 13px 15px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    vertical-align: top;\n  }\n  .ml-table tr:nth-child(even) td {\n    background-color: #FAFAFC;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- BLOQUE DE SIMULACI\u00d3N DE CASOS REALES Y SOLUCIONARIO --- *\/\n  .ml-case-box {\n    background-color: #FFFDF5;\n    border: 1px solid #FEF3C7;\n    border-left: 5px solid var(--ml-amber);\n    padding: 22px;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-card);\n    margin: 24px 0;\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow);\n  }\n  .ml-portunol-msg {\n    background-color: #FEF2F2;\n    border: 1px dashed #EF4444;\n    padding: 14px 18px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    color: #991B1B;\n    font-style: italic;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .ml-solution-details {\n    background-color: var(--ml-white);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    padding: 14px 18px;\n    margin-top: 16px;\n  }\n  .ml-solution-details summary {\n    font-weight: 800;\n    color: var(--ml-blue);\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 0.98rem;\n  }\n\n  \/* =====================================================================\n     ESTILOS DE LOS EJERCICIOS INTERACTIVOS (10 PUNTOS CADA UNO)\n     ===================================================================== *\/\n  .ml-exercises-master-header {\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0F2C59 0%, #1E3A8A 100%);\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    padding: 28px 24px;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-card);\n    margin: 50px 0 28px 0;\n    text-align: center;\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow);\n  }\n  .ml-exercises-master-header h2 {\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    font-size: 1.65rem;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    margin: 0 0 8px 0;\n  }\n  .ml-exercises-master-header p {\n    color: #CBD5E1;\n    margin: 0;\n    font-size: 1rem;\n  }\n\n  .ml-exercise-section {\n    background-color: var(--ml-white);\n    border: 2px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-card);\n    padding: 26px;\n    margin: 32px 0;\n    box-shadow: var(--ml-shadow);\n  }\n  .ml-exercise-header {\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    padding-bottom: 14px;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .ml-exercise-title {\n    font-size: 1.25rem;\n    font-weight: 800;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n    margin: 6px 0 4px 0;\n  }\n  .ml-exercise-desc {\n    font-size: 0.94rem;\n    color: var(--ml-text-muted);\n    margin: 0;\n  }\n\n  \/* Botones de acci\u00f3n comunes *\/\n  .ml-ex-actions {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: 12px;\n    margin-top: 18px;\n    align-items: center;\n  }\n  .ml-btn-action {\n    background-color: var(--ml-blue);\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    border: none;\n    padding: 10px 22px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 0.92rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: background 0.2s;\n    font-family: inherit;\n  }\n  .ml-btn-action:hover {\n    background-color: #1D4ED8;\n  }\n  .ml-btn-reset {\n    background-color: transparent;\n    color: var(--ml-text-muted);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    padding: 9px 18px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    font-size: 0.92rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: all 0.2s;\n    font-family: inherit;\n  }\n  .ml-btn-reset:hover {\n    background-color: #F1F5F9;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n  }\n  .ml-ex-result {\n    font-size: 0.95rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n  }\n\n  \/* --- ESPACIOS ULTRACOMPACTOS EN LA MISMA L\u00cdNEA (SOBREESCRIBE A ELEMENTOR\/WP) --- *\/\n  .ml-input-row {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding: 10px 14px;\n    background-color: #F8FAFC;\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    font-size: 0.96rem;\n    line-height: 1.9;\n  }\n  .ml-lesson-container input[type=\"text\"].ml-text-input {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n    width: 92px !important;\n    min-width: 92px !important;\n    max-width: 92px !important;\n    height: 27px !important;\n    padding: 0 5px !important;\n    margin: 0 3px !important;\n    vertical-align: middle !important;\n    line-height: 25px !important;\n    font-size: 0.9rem !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n    color: var(--ml-navy) !important;\n    background-color: var(--ml-white) !important;\n    border: 1px solid #94A3B8 !important;\n    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ml-blue) !important;\n    border-radius: 4px !important;\n    text-align: center !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    font-family: inherit !important;\n  }\n  .ml-lesson-container select.ml-select-input {\n    display: inline-block !important;\n    width: auto !important;\n    min-width: 65px !important;\n    max-width: 175px !important;\n    height: 27px !important;\n    padding: 1px 6px !important;\n    margin: 0 3px !important;\n    vertical-align: middle !important;\n    font-size: 0.89rem !important;\n    font-weight: 700 !important;\n    color: var(--ml-navy) !important;\n    background-color: var(--ml-white) !important;\n    border: 1px solid #94A3B8 !important;\n    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ml-blue) !important;\n    border-radius: 4px !important;\n    cursor: pointer !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n  }\n  .ml-input-correct {\n    border-color: #10B981 !important;\n    background-color: #ECFDF5 !important;\n    color: #065F46 !important;\n  }\n  .ml-input-wrong {\n    border-color: #EF4444 !important;\n    background-color: #FEF2F2 !important;\n    color: #991B1B !important;\n  }\n\n  \/* Estilos Multiple Choice *\/\n  .ml-quiz-item {\n    margin-bottom: 18px;\n    padding-bottom: 14px;\n    border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--ml-border);\n  }\n  .ml-quiz-item:last-child {\n    border-bottom: none;\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n    padding-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .ml-quiz-q-text {\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 0.96rem;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\n  }\n  .ml-options-list {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-direction: column;\n    gap: 6px;\n  }\n  .ml-choice-btn {\n    text-align: left;\n    background: var(--ml-white);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    padding: 9px 14px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    font-size: 0.91rem;\n    color: var(--ml-text);\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n    font-family: inherit;\n  }\n  .ml-choice-btn:hover:not([disabled]) {\n    border-color: var(--ml-blue);\n    background-color: var(--ml-blue-soft);\n  }\n  .ml-feedback-msg {\n    margin-top: 6px;\n    padding: 8px 12px;\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    font-size: 0.86rem;\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .ml-feedback-ok {\n    background-color: #ECFDF5;\n    color: #065F46;\n    border: 1px solid #A7F3D0;\n    display: block;\n  }\n  .ml-feedback-err {\n    background-color: #FEF2F2;\n    color: #991B1B;\n    border: 1px solid #FECACA;\n    display: block;\n  }\n\n  \/* Estilos Relacionar Columnas *\/\n  .ml-match-grid {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .ml-match-col {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-direction: column;\n    gap: 8px;\n  }\n  .ml-match-item {\n    padding: 10px 12px;\n    border: 2px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    background: var(--ml-white);\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 0.89rem;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n    transition: all 0.2s;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .ml-match-item:hover:not(.matched) {\n    border-color: var(--ml-blue);\n    background: var(--ml-blue-soft);\n  }\n  .ml-match-item.selected {\n    border-color: var(--ml-amber);\n    background: #FFFBEB;\n  }\n  .ml-match-item.matched {\n    border-color: #10B981;\n    background: #ECFDF5;\n    color: #065F46;\n    cursor: default;\n  }\n  .ml-match-item.wrong {\n    border-color: #EF4444;\n    background: #FEF2F2;\n    color: #991B1B;\n  }\n\n  \/* Estilos Verdadero o Falso *\/\n  .ml-tf-row {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-direction: column;\n    gap: 8px;\n    padding: 10px 14px;\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: 8px;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    background: #F8FAFC;\n    font-size: 0.94rem;\n  }\n  @media (min-width: 640px) {\n    .ml-tf-row {\n      flex-direction: row;\n      justify-content: space-between;\n      align-items: center;\n    }\n  }\n  .ml-tf-btns {\n    display: flex;\n    gap: 6px;\n    flex-shrink: 0;\n  }\n  .ml-tf-btn {\n    padding: 5px 12px;\n    border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;\n    background: var(--ml-white);\n    border-radius: 6px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 0.83rem;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n  }\n  .ml-tf-btn.active {\n    background: var(--ml-blue);\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    border-color: var(--ml-blue);\n  }\n\n  \/* Estilos Drag & Drop compacto de 10 palabras *\/\n  .ml-drag-bank {\n    display: flex;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: 8px;\n    background-color: #F8FAFC;\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    padding: 14px;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-item);\n    margin: 14px 0 18px 0;\n    min-height: 52px;\n    align-items: center;\n  }\n  .ml-draggable-word {\n    background-color: var(--ml-navy);\n    color: var(--ml-white);\n    padding: 5px 13px;\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-pill);\n    font-size: 0.86rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    cursor: grab;\n    user-select: none;\n    display: inline-block;\n    transition: transform 0.15s ease, background 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .ml-draggable-word.selected {\n    background-color: var(--ml-amber);\n    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--ml-navy);\n  }\n  .ml-draggable-word.placed {\n    opacity: 0.35;\n    pointer-events: none;\n  }\n  .ml-fill-text-box {\n    background-color: var(--ml-white);\n    border: 1px solid var(--ml-border);\n    border-radius: var(--ml-radius-item);\n    padding: 20px;\n    font-size: 0.98rem;\n    line-height: 2.05;\n    color: var(--ml-text);\n  }\n  .ml-drop-zone {\n    display: inline-flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    min-width: 72px;\n    height: 26px;\n    padding: 0 6px;\n    margin: 0 2px;\n    border: 1px dashed #64748B;\n    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ml-blue);\n    border-radius: 5px;\n    background-color: #F8FAFC;\n    color: var(--ml-blue);\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 0.88rem;\n    vertical-align: baseline;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .ml-drop-zone.filled {\n    border-style: solid;\n    border-color: var(--ml-blue);\n    background-color: #EFF6FF;\n    color: var(--ml-navy);\n  }\n  .ml-drop-zone.correct {\n    background-color: #ECFDF5 !important;\n    border-color: #10B981 !important;\n    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   font-size: 0.98rem;\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<article class=\"ml-lesson-container\">\n  <div class=\"ml-content-wrap\">\n\n    <!-- CABECERA -->\n    <header class=\"ml-header\">\n      <div class=\"ml-badge-group\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-level\">Nivel B2\/C1 \u00b7 Supply Chain<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Espa\u00f1ol Corporativo<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-time\">\u23f1 Gu\u00eda + Casos Reales + 60 Puntos<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      \n      <h1 class=\"ml-title\">Actividad pr\u00e1ctica: Gesti\u00f3n de inventarios y log\u00edstica de almac\u00e9n<\/h1>\n      \n      <p class=\"ml-lead\">\n        Esta propuesta pedag\u00f3gica est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ada para profesionales que gestionan operaciones, compras y distribuci\u00f3n con equipos de M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Espa\u00f1a o el Cono Sur. Su objetivo es dominar los t\u00e9rminos t\u00e9cnicos en contextos reales de trabajo, incorporar las variaciones por pa\u00eds y erradicar los calcos autom\u00e1ticos del portugu\u00e9s (<em>portu\u00f1ol<\/em>).\n      <\/p>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <!-- IMAGEN DESTACADA -->\n    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" \n      src=\"https:\/\/multylinguas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vocabulario-logistica-almacen-inventario-espanol-corporativo-scaled.webp\" \n      alt=\"Profissional de log\u00edstica gerenciando invent\u00e1rio e armaz\u00e9m em espanhol corporativo sem portunhol - Multylinguas\" \n      title=\"Gesti\u00f3n de inventarios y log\u00edstica de almac\u00e9n en espa\u00f1ol corporativo\"\n      class=\"ml-featured-image\"\n      loading=\"lazy\"\n      width=\"1100\"\n      height=\"618\"\n    >\n\n    <!-- CAJA DEL VIDEO EN AZUL CORPORATIVO (#0F2C59) -->\n    <section class=\"ml-video-box\">\n      <div class=\"ml-video-box-title\">\u26a1 Vocabulario Log\u00edstico en 60 Segundos<\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-video-box-desc\">Domina la pronunciaci\u00f3n ejecutiva de los t\u00e9rminos clave de almac\u00e9n e inventario:<\/div>\n      \n      <div class=\"ml-shorts-wrapper\">\n        <iframe \n          src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bY107QpPix0\" \n          title=\"Gesti\u00f3n de inventarios y log\u00edstica en Espa\u00f1ol - Multylinguas Shorts\" \n          allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" \n          allowfullscreen>\n        <\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         SECCI\u00d3N 1: GU\u00cdA DE USO CONTEXTUAL Y VARIANTES GEOGR\u00c1FICAS\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <h2 class=\"ml-section-title\">1. Gu\u00eda de uso contextual y variantes geogr\u00e1ficas<\/h2>\n    <p>A continuaci\u00f3n se desglosan los <strong>9 t\u00e9rminos cr\u00edticos del sector<\/strong>, detallando c\u00f3mo se combinan con verbos habituales en la operativa diaria y c\u00f3mo cambian seg\u00fan el pa\u00eds de destino.<\/p>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 1 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">1. Inventario \/ Existencias<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Estoque<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>En el \u00e1mbito corporativo hispanohablante, la palabra <strong>\u00abestoque\u00bb no existe<\/strong> (es una interferencia directa del portugu\u00e9s). Se distingue entre la gesti\u00f3n f\u00edsica operativa y el reporte contable:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li>\n          <strong>Inventario:<\/strong> Se refiere al proceso de conteo, al sistema de registro y al stock operativo del d\u00eda a d\u00eda.<br>\n          <em>\u2022 Verbos y colocaciones frecuentes:<\/em> Levantar inventario, hacer un conteo de inventario, cuadrar el inventario, rotaci\u00f3n de inventario.\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <strong>Existencias:<\/strong> Es el t\u00e9rmino formal utilizado en balances, estados financieros y auditor\u00edas.<br>\n          <em>\u2022 Colocaciones frecuentes:<\/em> Valoraci\u00f3n de existencias, existencias m\u00ednimas, existencias de seguridad, excedente de existencias.\n        <\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Ejemplo operativo:<\/strong> \u00abVamos a levantar un inventario c\u00edclico este viernes para detectar discrepancias antes del cierre mensual\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Ejemplo contable:<\/strong> \u00abLas existencias de seguridad cayeron por debajo del umbral cr\u00edtico debido a las demoras en aduana\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 2 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">2. Almac\u00e9n \/ Bodega \/ Dep\u00f3sito<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Armaz\u00e9m \/ Dep\u00f3sito<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>El espacio f\u00edsico donde se custodia la mercanc\u00eda adopta diferentes nombres seg\u00fan la regi\u00f3n:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Almac\u00e9n:<\/strong> T\u00e9rmino neutro y universal. Es el est\u00e1ndar absoluto en Espa\u00f1a y en las pol\u00edticas globales de multinacionales.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Bodega:<\/strong> Es la forma predominante y natural en M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Centroam\u00e9rica y parte del \u00e1rea andina.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Dep\u00f3sito:<\/strong> De uso com\u00fan en el Cono Sur (Argentina, Uruguay) para referirse a la nave o galp\u00f3n de almacenamiento.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Hablando con un proveedor en M\u00e9xico:<\/strong> \u00abEl transportista ya se encuentra en el and\u00e9n 4 de la bodega central esperando la autorizaci\u00f3n de descarga\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>En un informe para la casa matriz en Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong> \u00abSe ha optimizado la capacidad volum\u00e9trica del almac\u00e9n regulador mediante estanter\u00edas compactas\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 3 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">3. Quiebre de inventario \/ Rotura de stock<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Ruptura de estoque<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>Evita decir <em>\u00abruptura de estoque\u00bb<\/em>. El agotamiento imprevisto de producto se expresa seg\u00fan la regi\u00f3n:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Quiebre de inventario \/ Quiebre de stock:<\/strong> Es la norma en toda Latinoam\u00e9rica (M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Chile, Per\u00fa, etc.).<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Rotura de stock:<\/strong> Es la expresi\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar en Espa\u00f1a.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Desabastecimiento:<\/strong> T\u00e9rmino formal aplicable cuando la falta de producto afecta a toda una l\u00ednea o red de distribuci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Latinoam\u00e9rica:<\/strong> \u00abSi el proveedor retrasa el despacho tres d\u00edas m\u00e1s, entraremos en quiebre de inventario de la materia prima\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong> \u00abLa campa\u00f1a promocional provoc\u00f3 una rotura de stock inesperada en las tiendas del norte\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 4 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">4. Montacargas \/ Carretilla elevadora \/ Gr\u00faa horquilla<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Empilhadeira<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>La maquinaria pesada de carga y descarga presenta marcadas variaciones dialectales:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Montacargas:<\/strong> Universal en casi toda Am\u00e9rica Latina (M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Centroam\u00e9rica, Venezuela, etc.).<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Carretilla elevadora:<\/strong> Forma t\u00e9cnica oficial en Espa\u00f1a (en el lenguaje coloquial de taller o almac\u00e9n se le llama informalmente <em>toro<\/em>).<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Gr\u00faa horquilla:<\/strong> Denominaci\u00f3n exclusiva y est\u00e1ndar en Chile.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Autoelevador:<\/strong> Denominaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar en Argentina y Uruguay.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>M\u00e9xico\/Colombia:<\/strong> \u00abTodo operador de montacargas debe contar con certificaci\u00f3n vigente de manejo seguro\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong> \u00abQueda prohibido el paso peatonal en los pasillos donde opera la carretilla elevadora\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Chile:<\/strong> \u00abSe program\u00f3 la mantenci\u00f3n preventiva de las dos gr\u00faas horquilla para este s\u00e1bado\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 5 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">5. Tarima \/ Pal\u00e9 \/ Paleta<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Palete<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>El soporte de madera o pl\u00e1stico para agrupar mercanc\u00eda cambia seg\u00fan la zona:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Tarima:<\/strong> Es la palabra m\u00e1s extendida en M\u00e9xico, Centroam\u00e9rica y el norte de Sudam\u00e9rica.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Pal\u00e9 (plural: pal\u00e9s):<\/strong> Est\u00e1ndar en Espa\u00f1a (adaptaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica del ingl\u00e9s <em>pallet<\/em> avalada por la RAE).<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Paleta:<\/strong> Utilizada en Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina y varios pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n andina.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Con equipo de M\u00e9xico:<\/strong> \u00abAseg\u00farense de emplayar (cubrir con film) correctamente cada tarima antes de subirla al contenedor\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Con equipo de Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong> \u00abEl pedido consta de doce pal\u00e9s europeos con un peso m\u00e1ximo de 800 kg por unidad\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 6 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">6. Lista de empaque \/ Remisi\u00f3n \/ Albar\u00e1n \/ Remito<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Romaneio<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>El comprobante f\u00edsico o digital que detalla el contenido de una carga tiene nombres jur\u00eddicos y comerciales muy espec\u00edficos:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Lista de empaque (packing list):<\/strong> T\u00e9rmino t\u00e9cnico para comercio exterior. Detalla peso, dimensiones, bultos y contenido caja por caja.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Remisi\u00f3n (o gu\u00eda de remisi\u00f3n):<\/strong> Documento de entrega local en M\u00e9xico, Colombia, Per\u00fa y Ecuador.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Albar\u00e1n:<\/strong> Documento mercantil oficial de entrega en Espa\u00f1a.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Remito:<\/strong> Documento oficial de transporte y entrega en Argentina y Uruguay.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Comercio exterior:<\/strong> \u00abAdjunto la factura proforma y la lista de empaque con el desglose arancelario de cada bulto\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Entrega local en Colombia:<\/strong> \u00abEl conductor no puede retirarse hasta que el cliente selle y firme la remisi\u00f3n original\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Entrega local en Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong> \u00abEl destinatario rechaz\u00f3 la entrega porque las cantidades no coincid\u00edan con el albar\u00e1n\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 7 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">7. Preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos \/ Surtido \/ Picking<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Separa\u00e7\u00e3o de pedidos<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>Aunque el anglicismo <em>picking<\/em> se comprende en entornos log\u00edsticos avanzados, en documentos formales y procedimientos operativos estandarizados (SOP) se utilizan t\u00e9rminos propios:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos:<\/strong> Es la f\u00f3rmula general y formal en Espa\u00f1a y Latinoam\u00e9rica.<\/li>\n        <li><strong>Surtido de pedidos \/ Surtir:<\/strong> Expresi\u00f3n extraordinariamente com\u00fan en M\u00e9xico y Centroam\u00e9rica (<em>\u00absurtir una orden\u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Latinoam\u00e9rica:<\/strong> \u00abImplementamos lectores de radiofrecuencia para acelerar la preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos en la zona de alta rotaci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>M\u00e9xico:<\/strong> \u00abEl equipo del turno nocturno se encargar\u00e1 de surtir las \u00f3rdenes pendientes para los centros de distribuci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 8 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">8. Merma \/ P\u00e9rdida \/ Faltante<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Perda \/ Quebra de estoque<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>En portugu\u00e9s suele usarse <em>quebra<\/em> o <em>perda<\/em>, pero en espa\u00f1ol corporativo existe una distinci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica fundamental:<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li>\n          <strong>Merma:<\/strong> Mercanc\u00eda que pierde su valor o utilidad f\u00edsica por deterioro, da\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico, caducidad, rotura o evaporaci\u00f3n.<br>\n          <em>\u2022 Colocaciones:<\/em> \u00cdndice de merma, control de mermas, merma operativa.\n        <\/li>\n        <li>\n          <strong>Faltante \/ P\u00e9rdida desconocida:<\/strong> Mercanc\u00eda que no aparece en el conteo f\u00edsico (por robo, extrav\u00edo o error administrativo de ingreso).\n        <\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Ejemplo de merma:<\/strong> \u00abEl mal manejo del montacargas caus\u00f3 una merma de 40 cajas de producto refrigerado\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <p><strong>Ejemplo de faltante:<\/strong> \u00abLa auditor\u00eda arroj\u00f3 un faltante de cinco unidades que no figura en los registros de salida\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- T\u00c9RMINO 9 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-term-card\">\n      <div class=\"ml-term-header\">\n        <h3 class=\"ml-term-title\">9. Cadena de suministro(s)<\/h3>\n        <span class=\"ml-pt-tag\">Portugu\u00eas: Cadeia de suprimentos<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <p>En espa\u00f1ol no existe el vocablo <em>\u00absuprimentos\u00bb<\/em>. El concepto se traduce con la palabra <strong>suministro<\/strong> (en singular o plural):<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"ml-list\">\n        <li><strong>Cadena de suministro<\/strong> (m\u00e1s habitual en manuales t\u00e9cnicos) o <strong>cadena de suministros<\/strong>.<\/li>\n        <li><em>Colocaciones frecuentes:<\/em> Interrupci\u00f3n de la cadena de suministro, visibilidad de la cadena de suministro, eslabones de la cadena.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n      <div class=\"ml-example-box\">\n        <p><strong>Ejemplo ejecutivo:<\/strong> \u00abLa crisis portuaria gener\u00f3 tensiones severas a lo largo de toda nuestra cadena de suministro regional\u00bb.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- TABLA COMPARATIVA DE CONSULTA R\u00c1PIDA POR PA\u00cdS -->\n    <h3 style=\"color:var(--ml-navy); font-weight:800; margin-top:32px;\">Mapa comparativo r\u00e1pido: Brasil vs. Espa\u00f1a, M\u00e9xico, Colombia y Cono Sur<\/h3>\n    <div class=\"ml-table-container\">\n      <table class=\"ml-table\">\n        <thead>\n          <tr>\n            <th>Portugu\u00eas (Brasil)<\/th>\n            <th>Espa\u00f1a \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8<\/th>\n            <th>M\u00e9xico \ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfd<\/th>\n            <th>Colombia \ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf4<\/th>\n            <th>Cono Sur (AR\/CL) \ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf1<\/th>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/thead>\n        <tbody>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Estoque<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Existencias \/ Stock<\/td>\n            <td>Inventario \/ Existencias<\/td>\n            <td>Inventario \/ Existencias<\/td>\n            <td>Stock \/ Inventario<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Armaz\u00e9m<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Almac\u00e9n<\/td>\n            <td>Bodega \/ Almac\u00e9n<\/td>\n            <td>Bodega<\/td>\n            <td>Dep\u00f3sito (AR) \/ Bodega (CL)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Ruptura de estoque<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Rotura de stock<\/td>\n            <td>Quiebre de inventario<\/td>\n            <td>Quiebre de inventario<\/td>\n            <td>Quiebre de stock<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Empilhadeira<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Carretilla elevadora<\/td>\n            <td>Montacargas<\/td>\n            <td>Montacargas<\/td>\n            <td>Autoelevador (AR) \/ Gr\u00faa horquilla (CL)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Palete<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Pal\u00e9 (pl. pal\u00e9s)<\/td>\n            <td>Tarima<\/td>\n            <td>Paleta \/ Estiba<\/td>\n            <td>Pallet \/ Paleta<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Romaneio<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Albar\u00e1n<\/td>\n            <td>Remisi\u00f3n<\/td>\n            <td>Remisi\u00f3n<\/td>\n            <td>Remito (AR) \/ Gu\u00eda (CL)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Separa\u00e7\u00e3o de pedidos<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos<\/td>\n            <td>Surtido de pedidos<\/td>\n            <td>Preparaci\u00f3n \/ Alistamiento<\/td>\n            <td>Preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n          <tr>\n            <td><strong>Quebra (deterioro)<\/strong><\/td>\n            <td>Merma<\/td>\n            <td>Merma<\/td>\n            <td>Merma<\/td>\n            <td>Merma<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/tbody>\n      <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         SECCI\u00d3N 2 Y 3: SIMULACI\u00d3N DE CASOS REALES Y SOLUCIONARIO\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <h2 class=\"ml-section-title\">2. Estudio de Casos Reales y Solucionario Comentado<\/h2>\n\n    <!-- Caso 1 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-case-box\">\n      <h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; color:#92400E; font-size:1.15rem;\">Caso Real 1: Adaptaci\u00f3n de correos a mercados espec\u00edficos (Espa\u00f1a vs. M\u00e9xico)<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:0.94rem;\"><strong>Instrucci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Analiza c\u00f3mo debe adaptarse el siguiente mensaje interno enviado por un coordinador log\u00edstico brasile\u00f1o a dos destinatarios diferentes: uno en <strong>Espa\u00f1a<\/strong> y otro en <strong>M\u00e9xico<\/strong>, utilizando en cada caso el l\u00e9xico t\u00e9cnico y las variantes regionales correctas.<\/p>\n      \n      <div class=\"ml-portunol-msg\">\n        <strong>Mensaje original (con interferencias de portugu\u00e9s):<\/strong><br>\n        \u00abOi, equipe. Tivemos uma quebra de estoque no armaz\u00e9m por conta de um acidente com a empilhadeira que quebrou dois paletes. Precisamos conferir o estoque f\u00edsico contra o romaneio e acelerar a separa\u00e7\u00e3o de pedidos para n\u00e3o ter ruptura de estoque nos clientes.\u00bb\n      <\/div>\n\n      <details class=\"ml-solution-details\">\n        <summary>\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f Ver Soluci\u00f3n Oficial Comentada (Espa\u00f1a y M\u00e9xico)<\/summary>\n        <div style=\"margin-top:12px; font-size:0.94rem;\">\n          <p><strong>\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 Versi\u00f3n adaptada para Espa\u00f1a:<\/strong><br>\n          \u00abHola, equipo. Hemos tenido una <strong>merma<\/strong> en el <strong>almac\u00e9n<\/strong> debido a un accidente con la <strong>carretilla elevadora<\/strong>, que da\u00f1\u00f3 dos <strong>pal\u00e9s<\/strong>. Necesitamos cotejar las <strong>existencias f\u00edsicas<\/strong> (o el inventario f\u00edsico) con el <strong>albar\u00e1n<\/strong> y agilizar la <strong>preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos<\/strong> para evitar una <strong>rotura de stock<\/strong> con los clientes\u00bb.<\/p>\n          <p style=\"margin-bottom:0;\"><strong>\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfd Versi\u00f3n adaptada para M\u00e9xico:<\/strong><br>\n          \u00abHola, equipo. Tuvimos una <strong>merma<\/strong> en la <strong>bodega<\/strong> por un accidente con el <strong>montacargas<\/strong>, que rompi\u00f3 dos <strong>tarimas<\/strong>. Necesitamos cotejar el <strong>inventario f\u00edsico<\/strong> contra la <strong>remisi\u00f3n<\/strong> y acelerar el <strong>surtido de pedidos<\/strong> para evitar un <strong>quiebre de inventario<\/strong> con los clientes\u00bb.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/details>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Caso 2 -->\n    <div class=\"ml-case-box\">\n      <h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; color:#92400E; font-size:1.15rem;\">Caso Real 2: Auditor\u00eda y selecci\u00f3n l\u00e9xica<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"margin:0 0 8px 0; font-size:0.94rem;\"><strong>Instrucci\u00f3n:<\/strong> Lee el siguiente informe de operaciones y observa las opciones entre par\u00e9ntesis que representan el lenguaje corporativo m\u00e1s riguroso en espa\u00f1ol:<\/p>\n      \n      <div style=\"background:#FFFFFF; padding:14px 18px; border-radius:8px; border:1px solid var(--ml-border); font-size:0.94rem;\">\n        \u00abDurante el segundo trimestre, los costos de transporte aumentaron un 8 % debido a retrasos en la <strong>(cadena de suprimentos \/ cadena de suministro)<\/strong>. En la <strong>(bodega \/ despensa)<\/strong> de Guadalajara detectamos una <strong>(merma \/ quebra)<\/strong> considerable en productos l\u00e1cteos debido a fallas en la cadena de fr\u00edo. Por este motivo, el sistema marc\u00f3 un <strong>(quiebre de inventario \/ rompimiento de estoque)<\/strong> en cinco tiendas del canal minorista. Para solucionar la contingencia, el supervisor solicit\u00f3 verificar de inmediato las <strong>(existencias \/ estoques)<\/strong> reales en el sistema ERP y cotejar los bultos contra las <strong>(remisiones \/ romaneios)<\/strong> de entrada\u00bb.\n      <\/div>\n\n      <details class=\"ml-solution-details\">\n        <summary>\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f Ver Soluci\u00f3n Oficial y Notas para el Alumno<\/summary>\n        <ol style=\"margin:12px 0 0 0; padding-left:20px; font-size:0.93rem;\">\n          <li><strong>cadena de suministro<\/strong> (t\u00e9rmino correcto; <em>suprimentos<\/em> no existe en espa\u00f1ol).<\/li>\n          <li><strong>bodega<\/strong> (en M\u00e9xico no se utiliza <em>despensa<\/em> para log\u00edstica; la despensa es el mueble de la cocina donde se guardan alimentos).<\/li>\n          <li><strong>merma<\/strong> (<em>quebra<\/em> es calco directo del portugu\u00e9s).<\/li>\n          <li><strong>quiebre de inventario<\/strong> (f\u00f3rmula est\u00e1ndar para Latinoam\u00e9rica).<\/li>\n          <li><strong>existencias<\/strong> (<em>estoques<\/em> no existe en espa\u00f1ol).<\/li>\n          <li><strong>remisiones<\/strong> (<em>romaneio<\/em> no existe en espa\u00f1ol; en M\u00e9xico se utiliza <em>remisi\u00f3n<\/em>).<\/li>\n        <\/ol>\n      <\/details>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         ZONA DE ENTRENAMIENTO: 6 EJERCICIOS DE 10 PUNTOS CADA UNO (60 PTS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <div class=\"ml-exercises-master-header\">\n      <h2>\ud83c\udfaf Laboratorio Pr\u00e1ctico Interactivo: 6 Ejercicios de 10 Puntos (60 \u00cdtems)<\/h2>\n      <p>Pon a prueba tu precisi\u00f3n terminol\u00f3gica con selectores y espacios compactos en una misma l\u00ednea.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 1: ADAPTACI\u00d3N DE CORREOS (ESPA\u00d1A VS. M\u00c9XICO - 10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 1 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Simulaci\u00f3n Interactiva: Adapta el correo a Espa\u00f1a \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 y a M\u00e9xico \ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfd<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">Selecciona en cada casilla corta <strong>[...]<\/strong> el t\u00e9rmino regional exacto seg\u00fan el pa\u00eds destinatario.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">\n        <strong>\ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 Correo para Madrid (Espa\u00f1a):<\/strong><br>\n        \u00abHola, equipo. Hemos tenido una <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-1\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"merma\">merma<\/option><option value=\"quebra\">quebra<\/option><\/select> en el <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-2\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"almac\u00e9n\">almac\u00e9n<\/option><option value=\"armaz\u00e9m\">armaz\u00e9m<\/option><\/select> central debido a un incidente con la <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-3\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"carretilla elevadora\">carretilla elevadora<\/option><option value=\"gr\u00faa horquilla\">gr\u00faa horquilla<\/option><\/select>, que da\u00f1\u00f3 dos <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-4\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"pal\u00e9s\">pal\u00e9s<\/option><option value=\"tarimas\">tarimas<\/option><\/select>. Necesitamos cotejar las existencias f\u00edsicas con el <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-5\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"albar\u00e1n\">albar\u00e1n<\/option><option value=\"remito\">remito<\/option><\/select> para evitar una rotura de stock\u00bb.\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">\n        <strong>\ud83c\uddf2\ud83c\uddfd Correo para Monterrey (M\u00e9xico):<\/strong><br>\n        \u00abHola, equipo. Tuvimos una merma en la <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-6\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"bodega\">bodega<\/option><option value=\"despensa\">despensa<\/option><\/select> por un accidente con el <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-7\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"montacargas\">montacargas<\/option><option value=\"autoelevador\">autoelevador<\/option><\/select>, que rompi\u00f3 dos <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-8\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"tarimas\">tarimas<\/option><option value=\"pal\u00e9s\">pal\u00e9s<\/option><\/select>. Necesitamos cotejar el inventario contra la <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-9\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"remisi\u00f3n\">remisi\u00f3n<\/option><option value=\"albar\u00e1n\">albar\u00e1n<\/option><\/select> y acelerar el <select class=\"ml-select-input\" id=\"ml-ex1-10\"><option value=\"\">[...]<\/option><option value=\"surtido\">surtido<\/option><option value=\"separado\">separado<\/option><\/select> de pedidos para evitar un quiebre de inventario\u00bb.\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-ex-actions\">\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-action\" onclick=\"mlEx1Check()\">Verificar las 10 adaptaciones<\/button>\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-reset\" onclick=\"mlEx1Reset()\">Reiniciar<\/button>\n        <span id=\"mlEx1Result\" class=\"ml-ex-result\"><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 2: RELACIONAR COLUMNAS (PORTUGU\u00c9S VS. ESPA\u00d1OL - 10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 2 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Relaciona el t\u00e9rmino en portugu\u00e9s con su equivalente t\u00e9cnico en espa\u00f1ol<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">Toca primero un t\u00e9rmino de la columna izquierda (Portugu\u00eas) y luego su equivalente corporativo a la derecha (Espa\u00f1ol).<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-match-grid\" id=\"mlEx2Grid\">\n        <div class=\"ml-match-col\" id=\"mlEx2Left\">\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"1\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">1. Estoque (en balances y auditor\u00eda)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"2\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">2. Armaz\u00e9m (en M\u00e9xico y Colombia)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"3\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">3. Ruptura de estoque (en Latinoam\u00e9rica)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"4\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">4. Empilhadeira (en Am\u00e9rica Latina)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"5\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">5. Empilhadeira (en Espa\u00f1a)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"6\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">6. Palete (en M\u00e9xico)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"7\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">7. Romaneio (comercio exterior)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"8\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">8. Separa\u00e7\u00e3o de pedidos (general)<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"9\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">9. Quebra por deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"10\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectLeft(this)\">10. Cadeia de suprimentos<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-match-col\" id=\"mlEx2Right\">\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"6\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Tarima<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"10\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Cadena de suministro<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"1\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Existencias<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"5\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Carretilla elevadora<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"9\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Merma<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"2\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Bodega<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"8\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Preparaci\u00f3n de pedidos<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"3\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Quiebre de inventario<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"7\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Lista de empaque<\/div>\n          <div class=\"ml-match-item\" data-id=\"4\" onclick=\"mlEx2SelectRight(this)\">Montacargas<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-ex-actions\">\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-reset\" onclick=\"mlEx2Reset()\">Reiniciar las 10 parejas<\/button>\n        <span id=\"mlEx2Status\" class=\"ml-ex-result\"><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 3: COMPLETAR ESCRIBIENDO EN LA MISMA L\u00cdNEA (10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 3 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Completa escribiendo el t\u00e9rmino t\u00e9cnico exacto (sin \u00abportu\u00f1ol\u00bb)<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">Escribe en la peque\u00f1a casilla integrada en la l\u00ednea la palabra correcta seg\u00fan la pista entre par\u00e9ntesis.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">1. Vamos a levantar un <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-1\" placeholder=\"...\"> c\u00edclico este viernes antes del cierre. <em>(inventario \/ estoque)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">2. Las <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-2\" placeholder=\"...\"> de seguridad cayeron por debajo del m\u00ednimo. <em>(existencias \/ estoques)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">3. El cami\u00f3n ya est\u00e1 en el and\u00e9n 4 de la <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-3\" placeholder=\"...\"> en Bogot\u00e1. <em>(bodega \/ despensa)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">4. El mal manejo caus\u00f3 una <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-4\" placeholder=\"...\"> de 40 cajas refrigeradas. <em>(merma \/ quebra)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">5. La auditor\u00eda arroj\u00f3 un <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-5\" placeholder=\"...\"> de cinco unidades por extrav\u00edo. <em>(faltante \/ perca)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">6. Hay tensiones en toda nuestra cadena de <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-6\" placeholder=\"...\">. <em>(suministro \/ suprimento)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">7. En Espa\u00f1a, el documento oficial de entrega es el <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-7\" placeholder=\"...\">. <em>(albar\u00e1n \/ romaneio)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">8. En Argentina, el comprobante de entrega se llama <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-8\" placeholder=\"...\">. <em>(remito \/ remisi\u00f3n)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">9. En M\u00e9xico, aseg\u00farense de emplayar bien cada <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-9\" placeholder=\"...\">. <em>(tarima \/ palete)<\/em><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-input-row\">10. El turno nocturno se encargar\u00e1 de <input type=\"text\" class=\"ml-text-input\" id=\"ml-ex3-10\" placeholder=\"...\"> las \u00f3rdenes en M\u00e9xico. <em>(surtir \/ separar)<\/em><\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-ex-actions\">\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-action\" onclick=\"mlEx3Check()\">Verificar las 10 palabras<\/button>\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-reset\" onclick=\"mlEx3Reset()\">Limpiar<\/button>\n        <span id=\"mlEx3Result\" class=\"ml-ex-result\"><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 4: ELECCI\u00d3N M\u00daLTIPLE DE CASOS OPERATIVOS (10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 4 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Decisiones operativas por pa\u00eds: elige la frase impecable<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">Selecciona la \u00fanica opci\u00f3n que utiliza el vocabulario t\u00e9cnico correcto seg\u00fan el pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- 1 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">1. Est\u00e1s en Santiago de Chile programando el mantenimiento de la maquinaria de carga:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(1, this, false)\">A) Programamos la mantenci\u00f3n de las dos empilhadeiras para el s\u00e1bado.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(1, this, true)\">B) Se program\u00f3 la mantenci\u00f3n preventiva de las dos gr\u00faas horquilla para este s\u00e1bado.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(1, this, false)\">C) Se program\u00f3 la revisi\u00f3n de los dos toros elevadores en Chile.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-1\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 2 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">2. Hablas con tu operador log\u00edstico en Buenos Aires (Argentina) sobre el lugar de guarda y la m\u00e1quina:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(2, this, true)\">A) La mercader\u00eda ya ingres\u00f3 al dep\u00f3sito y la descargaron con el autoelevador.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(2, this, false)\">B) La mercader\u00eda ya entr\u00f3 al armaz\u00e9m con la carretilla elevadora.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(2, this, false)\">C) El estoque ya est\u00e1 en la despensa central.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-2\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 3 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">3. Env\u00edas documentaci\u00f3n de exportaci\u00f3n mar\u00edtima a la aduana:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(3, this, false)\">A) Adjunto la factura proforma y el romaneio internacional.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(3, this, true)\">B) Adjunto la factura proforma y la lista de empaque con el desglose de cada bulto.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(3, this, false)\">C) Adjunto la lista de empaquetadura aduanal.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-3\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 4 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">4. En Espa\u00f1a, un cliente rechaza un cami\u00f3n porque los n\u00fameros del documento de entrega no cuadran:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(4, this, true)\">A) El destinatario rechaz\u00f3 la entrega porque las cantidades no coincid\u00edan con el albar\u00e1n.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(4, this, false)\">B) El destinatario rechaz\u00f3 la entrega porque no coincid\u00eda con el romaneio.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(4, this, false)\">C) El cliente no firm\u00f3 el remito en Madrid.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-4\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 5 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">5. En Medell\u00edn (Colombia), das una instrucci\u00f3n obligatoria al transportista:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(5, this, false)\">A) No puede retirarse hasta que el cliente firme el albar\u00e1n espa\u00f1ol.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(5, this, true)\">B) El conductor no puede retirarse hasta que el cliente selle y firme la remisi\u00f3n original.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(5, this, false)\">C) El motorista debe traer la nota de romaneio sellada.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-5\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 6 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">6. Quieres expresar que el conteo del sistema ERP debe coincidir exactamente con el conteo f\u00edsico:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(6, this, true)\">A) Necesitamos cuadrar el inventario antes del cierre contable del viernes.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(6, this, false)\">B) Necesitamos bater el estoque f\u00edsico con el virtual.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(6, this, false)\">C) Vamos a emparejar las existencias de estoque.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-6\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 7 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">7. En un reporte financiero de auditor\u00eda hablas del valor monetario de la mercader\u00eda guardada:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(7, this, false)\">A) La valoraci\u00f3n de los estoques subi\u00f3 un 12 %.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(7, this, true)\">B) La valoraci\u00f3n de existencias refleja un excedente en materias primas.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(7, this, false)\">C) El costeo del armaz\u00e9m presenta sobras.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-7\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 8 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">8. En una junta en Ciudad de M\u00e9xico adviertes que un producto est\u00e1 por agotarse:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(8, this, false)\">A) Si el cami\u00f3n se atrasa, tendremos ruptura de estoque.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(8, this, true)\">B) Si el proveedor retrasa el despacho, entraremos en quiebre de inventario.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(8, this, false)\">C) Vamos a sufrir una quebradura de almac\u00e9n.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-8\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 9 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">9. En Valencia (Espa\u00f1a), especificas la cantidad de soportes de madera de un despacho:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(9, this, true)\">A) El pedido consta de doce pal\u00e9s europeos con un peso m\u00e1ximo de 800 kg.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(9, this, false)\">B) El pedido consta de doce tarimas mexicanas.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(9, this, false)\">C) El env\u00edo lleva doce paletes est\u00e1ndar.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-9\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- 10 -->\n      <div class=\"ml-quiz-item\">\n        <div class=\"ml-quiz-q-text\">10. Explicas al directorio un problema global de abastecimiento y log\u00edstica:<\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-options-list\">\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(10, this, false)\">A) Hubo una interrupci\u00f3n en la cadena de suprimentos.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(10, this, false)\">B) La red de abastecimientos de estoques colaps\u00f3.<\/button>\n          <button class=\"ml-choice-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx4Ans(10, this, true)\">C) La crisis portuaria gener\u00f3 tensiones en toda nuestra cadena de suministro regional.<\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ml-feedback-msg\" id=\"ml-ex4-fb-10\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 5: VERDADERO O FALSO (10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 5 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Verdadero o Falso: Dominio t\u00e9cnico y regional<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">Eval\u00faa cada una de las 10 afirmaciones log\u00edsticas.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"F\" id=\"ml-ex5-r1\">\n        <span>1. La palabra \u00abestoque\u00bb es aceptada en informes financieros formales en espa\u00f1ol.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(1,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(1,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r2\">\n        <span>2. En M\u00e9xico y Colombia es sumamente natural llamar \u00abbodega\u00bb al centro de almacenamiento.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(2,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(2,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r3\">\n        <span>3. En Espa\u00f1a se dice \u00abrotura de stock\u00bb, mientras que en Latinoam\u00e9rica predomina \u00abquiebre de inventario\u00bb.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(3,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(3,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r4\">\n        <span>4. En Chile, la m\u00e1quina conocida en Brasil como \u00abempilhadeira\u00bb se denomina \u00abgr\u00faa horquilla\u00bb.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(4,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(4,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"F\" id=\"ml-ex5-r5\">\n        <span>5. En M\u00e9xico, \u00abdespensa\u00bb es el nombre t\u00e9cnico industrial de un gran centro de distribuci\u00f3n.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(5,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(5,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r6\">\n        <span>6. \u00abAlbar\u00e1n\u00bb en Espa\u00f1a, \u00abremisi\u00f3n\u00bb en M\u00e9xico\/Colombia y \u00abremito\u00bb en Argentina cumplen la funci\u00f3n del \u00abromaneio\u00bb.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(6,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(6,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r7\">\n        <span>7. \u00abMerma\u00bb se refiere a la p\u00e9rdida de valor o utilidad f\u00edsica por da\u00f1o, rotura, caducidad o evaporaci\u00f3n.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(7,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(7,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"F\" id=\"ml-ex5-r8\">\n        <span>8. En espa\u00f1ol corporativo es correcto decir \u00abcadena de suprimentos\u00bb.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(8,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(8,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r9\">\n        <span>9. En M\u00e9xico es muy habitual usar el verbo \u00absurtir\u00bb (\u00absurtir un pedido\u00bb) para referirse al picking.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(9,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(9,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ml-tf-row\" data-expected=\"V\" id=\"ml-ex5-r10\">\n        <span>10. En Argentina y Uruguay se utiliza el t\u00e9rmino \u00abautoelevador\u00bb para el montacargas.<\/span>\n        <div class=\"ml-tf-btns\"><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(10,'V',this)\">Verdadero<\/button><button class=\"ml-tf-btn\" onclick=\"mlEx5Select(10,'F',this)\">Falso<\/button><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-ex-actions\">\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-action\" onclick=\"mlEx5Check()\">Comprobar los 10 puntos<\/button>\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-reset\" onclick=\"mlEx5Reset()\">Reiniciar<\/button>\n        <span id=\"mlEx5Result\" class=\"ml-ex-result\"><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         EJERCICIO INTERACTIVO 6: ARRASTRAR 10 PALABRAS DESORDENADAS AL REPORTE (10 PUNTOS)\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-exercise-section\">\n      <div class=\"ml-exercise-header\">\n        <span class=\"ml-badge ml-badge-category\">Ejercicio 6 \u00b7 10 Puntos<\/span>\n        <h3 class=\"ml-exercise-title\">Arrastra los 10 t\u00e9rminos desordenados al informe de auditor\u00eda log\u00edstica<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"ml-exercise-desc\">\n          Arrastra cada palabra del banco superior al hueco num\u00e9rico compacto <strong>[ 1 ]<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>[ 10 ]<\/strong>. <em>(En dispositivos m\u00f3viles o t\u00e1ctiles, toca primero la palabra azul y luego toca el espacio correspondiente).<\/em>\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Banco de 10 palabras completamente desordenadas -->\n      <div class=\"ml-drag-bank\" id=\"mlWordBank\">\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"remisiones\">remisiones<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"montacargas\">montacargas<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"suministro\">suministro<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"faltante\">faltante<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"bodega\">bodega<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"surtido\">surtido<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"merma\">merma<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"tarimas\">tarimas<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"quiebre\">quiebre<\/span>\n        <span class=\"ml-draggable-word\" draggable=\"true\" data-word=\"existencias\">existencias<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <!-- Informe con 10 huecos compactos en l\u00ednea -->\n      <div class=\"ml-fill-text-box\">\n        <strong>Informe Trimestral de Operaciones Regionales (Sede Guadalajara, M\u00e9xico):<\/strong><br>\n        \u00abDurante el segundo trimestre, los costos log\u00edsticos aumentaron un 8 % debido a cuellos de botella en nuestra cadena de \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"suministro\" data-slot=\"1\">[ 1 ]<\/span>. \n        En la \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"bodega\" data-slot=\"2\">[ 2 ]<\/span> \n        central detectamos una \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"merma\" data-slot=\"3\">[ 3 ]<\/span> \n        operativa de 35 cajas de l\u00e1cteos tras una maniobra brusca del operador del \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"montacargas\" data-slot=\"4\">[ 4 ]<\/span>, \n        quien golpe\u00f3 dos \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"tarimas\" data-slot=\"5\">[ 5 ]<\/span> \n        de madera reci\u00e9n emplayadas.\n        <br><br>\n        Por este motivo, el sistema alert\u00f3 sobre un inminente \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"quiebre\" data-slot=\"6\">[ 6 ]<\/span> \n        de inventario en cinco tiendas minoristas. Para mitigar el impacto, la gerencia orden\u00f3 auditar las \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"existencias\" data-slot=\"7\">[ 7 ]<\/span> \n        de seguridad en el sistema ERP, investigar un \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"faltante\" data-slot=\"8\">[ 8 ]<\/span> \n        de tres unidades no registradas en salida, cotejar los bultos recibidos contra las \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"remisiones\" data-slot=\"9\">[ 9 ]<\/span> \n        de los proveedores y priorizar el \n        <span class=\"ml-drop-zone\" data-expected=\"surtido\" data-slot=\"10\">[ 10 ]<\/span> \n        de pedidos urgentes durante el turno nocturno.\u00bb\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ml-ex-actions\">\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-action\" onclick=\"mlCheckDnD()\">Verificar las 10 palabras<\/button>\n        <button class=\"ml-btn-reset\" onclick=\"mlResetDnD()\">Reiniciar ejercicio<\/button>\n        <span id=\"mlDnDResult\" class=\"ml-ex-result\"><\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- =================================================================\n         CTA DE CONVERSI\u00d3N WHATSAPP\n         ================================================================= -->\n    <section class=\"ml-cta-box\">\n      <h3 class=\"ml-cta-title\">\u00bfGestionas compras, log\u00edstica u operaciones con equipos de Latinoam\u00e9rica o Espa\u00f1a?<\/h3>\n      <p class=\"ml-cta-text\">\n        Elimina el \u00abportu\u00f1ol\u00bb de tus reuniones operativas y negocia con solvencia t\u00e9cnica. En <strong>Multylinguas<\/strong> entrenamos a l\u00edderes y profesionales brasile\u00f1os mediante <strong>clases particulares 1 a 1<\/strong> adaptadas exactamente al vocabulario de tu industria.\n      <\/p>\n      <a \n        href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?phone=5511922040380&text=Ol%C3%A1!%20Pratiquei%20com%20o%20guia%20de%20Log%C3%ADstica%20e%20Gest%C3%A3o%20de%20Invent%C3%A1rios%20em%20espanhol%20da%20Multylinguas%20e%20gostaria%20de%20agendar%20uma%20aula%20experimental%201%20a%201.\" \n        target=\"_blank\" \n        rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \n        class=\"ml-btn-whatsapp\"\n      >\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"M12.04 2c-5.46 0-9.91 4.45-9.91 9.91 0 1.75.46 3.45 1.32 4.95L2.05 22l5.25-1.38c1.45.79 3.08 1.21 4.74 1.21 5.46 0 9.91-4.45 9.91-9.91 0-2.65-1.03-5.14-2.9-7.01A9.816 9.816 0 0 0 12.04 2zm.01 18.06c-1.48 0-2.93-.4-4.2-1.15l-.3-.18-3.12.82.83-3.04-.2-.31a8.03 8.03 0 0 1-1.23-4.29c0-4.46 3.63-8.09 8.09-8.09 2.16 0 4.19.84 5.72 2.37 1.53 1.53 2.37 3.56 2.37 5.72 0 4.46-3.63 8.08-8.1 8.08zm4.44-6.07c-.24-.12-1.44-.71-1.66-.79-.22-.09-.39-.12-.55.12-.17.24-.63.79-.77.95-.14.17-.29.19-.53.07-.24-.12-1.02-.38-1.95-1.21-.72-.64-1.21-1.43-1.35-1.67-.14-.24-.02-.37.1-.49.11-.11.24-.29.37-.43.12-.14.17-.24.25-.41.08-.17.04-.31-.02-.43-.07-.12-.55-1.33-.76-1.82-.2-.48-.41-.41-.56-.42h-.48c-.17 0-.43.06-.66.31-.22.24-.87.85-.87 2.07s.89 2.4 1.01 2.57c.12.17 1.75 2.67 4.24 3.75.59.26 1.05.41 1.41.53.6.19 1.14.16 1.57.1.48-.07 1.44-.59 1.64-1.16.2-.57.2-1.06.14-1.16-.06-.1-.22-.17-.46-.29z\"\/>\n        <\/svg>\n        Agendar Aula Experimental 1 a 1\n      <\/a>\n      <div class=\"ml-guarantee-note\">Treinamento corporativo personalizado \u00b7 Contato direto: <strong>info@multylinguas.com<\/strong><\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- CIERRE INTERACTIVO -->\n    <div class=\"ml-interaction-box\">\n      <p>\ud83d\udcac Cu\u00e9ntanos en los comentarios: \u00bfcon qu\u00e9 pa\u00eds hispanohablante trabajas m\u00e1s a menudo y cu\u00e1l de estos t\u00e9rminos log\u00edsticos te causaba m\u00e1s confusi\u00f3n?<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n<script>\n  \/* --- EJERCICIO 1: ADAPTACI\u00d3N DE CORREOS (10 PUNTOS) --- *\/\n  function mlEx1Check() {\n    var expected = {\n      'ml-ex1-1': 'merma',\n      'ml-ex1-2': 'almac\u00e9n',\n      'ml-ex1-3': 'carretilla elevadora',\n      'ml-ex1-4': 'pal\u00e9s',\n      'ml-ex1-5': 'albar\u00e1n',\n      'ml-ex1-6': 'bodega',\n      'ml-ex1-7': 'montacargas',\n      'ml-ex1-8': 'tarimas',\n      'ml-ex1-9': 'remisi\u00f3n',\n      'ml-ex1-10': 'surtido'\n    };\n    var score = 0;\n    for (var id in expected) {\n      var sel = document.getElementById(id);\n      if (sel.value === expected[id]) {\n        sel.className = 'ml-select-input ml-input-correct';\n        score++;\n      } else {\n        sel.className = 'ml-select-input ml-input-wrong';\n      }\n    }\n    document.getElementById('mlEx1Result').innerHTML = score === 10\n      ? '<span style=\"color:#10B981;\">\u00a1Excelente! 10\/10 t\u00e9rminos adaptados con precisi\u00f3n a Espa\u00f1a y M\u00e9xico.<\/span>'\n      : '<span style=\"color:#DC2626;\">Obtuviste ' + score + '\/10. Revisa las opciones marcadas en rojo.<\/span>';\n  }\n\n  function mlEx1Reset() {\n    for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {\n      var sel = document.getElementById('ml-ex1-' + i);\n      sel.value = '';\n      sel.className = 'ml-select-input';\n    }\n    document.getElementById('mlEx1Result').innerHTML = '';\n  }\n\n  \/* --- EJERCICIO 2: RELACIONAR COLUMNAS (10 PAREJAS) --- *\/\n  var mlEx2LeftChoice = null;\n  var mlEx2Matches = 0;\n\n  function mlEx2SelectLeft(el) {\n    if (el.classList.contains('matched')) return;\n    document.querySelectorAll('#mlEx2Left .ml-match-item').forEach(function(item) {\n      item.classList.remove('selected', 'wrong');\n    });\n    el.classList.add('selected');\n    mlEx2LeftChoice = el;\n  }\n\n  function mlEx2SelectRight(el) {\n    if (el.classList.contains('matched') || !mlEx2LeftChoice) return;\n    var leftId = mlEx2LeftChoice.getAttribute('data-id');\n    var rightId = el.getAttribute('data-id');\n    var status = document.getElementById('mlEx2Status');\n\n    if (leftId === rightId) {\n      mlEx2LeftChoice.classList.remove('selected');\n      mlEx2LeftChoice.classList.add('matched');\n      el.classList.add('matched');\n      mlEx2LeftChoice = null;\n      mlEx2Matches++;\n      if (mlEx2Matches === 10) {\n        status.innerHTML = '<span style=\"color:#10B981;\">\u00a1Perfecto! Conectaste las 10 equivalencias log\u00edsticas correctamente (10\/10).<\/span>';\n      } else {\n        status.innerHTML = '<span style=\"color:#065F46;\">\u00a1Pareja correcta! (' + mlEx2Matches + '\/10)<\/span>';\n      }\n    } else {\n      el.classList.add('wrong');\n      status.innerHTML = '<span style=\"color:#DC2626;\">No corresponde. Intenta con otro t\u00e9rmino.<\/span>';\n      setTimeout(function() { el.classList.remove('wrong'); }, 700);\n    }\n  }\n\n  function mlEx2Reset() {\n    mlEx2LeftChoice = null;\n    mlEx2Matches = 0;\n    document.querySelectorAll('#mlEx2Grid .ml-match-item').forEach(function(item) {\n      item.classList.remove('selected', 'matched', 'wrong');\n    });\n    document.getElementById('mlEx2Status').innerHTML = '';\n  }\n\n  \/* --- EJERCICIO 3: COMPLETAR ESCRIBIENDO EN LA MISMA L\u00cdNEA (10 PUNTOS) --- *\/\n  function mlEx3Check() {\n    var expected = {\n      'ml-ex3-1': ['inventario'],\n      'ml-ex3-2': ['existencias'],\n      'ml-ex3-3': ['bodega'],\n      'ml-ex3-4': ['merma'],\n      'ml-ex3-5': ['faltante'],\n      'ml-ex3-6': ['suministro', 'suministros'],\n      'ml-ex3-7': ['albar\u00e1n', 'albaran'],\n      'ml-ex3-8': ['remito'],\n      'ml-ex3-9': ['tarima'],\n      'ml-ex3-10': ['surtir']\n    };\n    var score = 0;\n    for (var id in expected) {\n      var input = document.getElementById(id);\n      var val = input.value.trim().toLowerCase();\n      if (expected[id].indexOf(val) !== -1) {\n        input.className = 'ml-text-input ml-input-correct';\n        score++;\n      } else {\n        input.className = 'ml-text-input ml-input-wrong';\n      }\n    }\n    document.getElementById('mlEx3Result').innerHTML = score === 10\n      ? '<span style=\"color:#10B981;\">\u00a1Impecable! 10\/10 t\u00e9rminos log\u00edsticos escritos correctamente.<\/span>'\n      : '<span style=\"color:#DC2626;\">Obtuviste ' + score + '\/10. Revisa las palabras en rojo siguiendo la pista entre par\u00e9ntesis.<\/span>';\n  }\n\n  function mlEx3Reset() {\n    for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {\n      var inp = document.getElementById('ml-ex3-' + i);\n      inp.value = '';\n      inp.className = 'ml-text-input';\n    }\n    document.getElementById('mlEx3Result').innerHTML = '';\n  }\n\n  \/* --- EJERCICIO 4: ELECCI\u00d3N M\u00daLTIPLE (10 PUNTOS) --- *\/\n  var mlEx4Msgs = {\n    1: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Correcto!<\/strong> En Chile el t\u00e9rmino est\u00e1ndar es \u00abgr\u00faa horquilla\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En Chile se utiliza \u00abgr\u00faa horquilla\u00bb.\" },\n    2: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Excelente!<\/strong> En Argentina y Uruguay se dice \u00abdep\u00f3sito\u00bb y \u00abautoelevador\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En el Cono Sur lo natural es \u00abdep\u00f3sito\u00bb y \u00abautoelevador\u00bb.\" },\n    3: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Muy bien!<\/strong> En comercio exterior el documento t\u00e9cnico es \u00ablista de empaque\u00bb (packing list).\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> \u00abRomaneio\u00bb no existe en espa\u00f1ol; usa \u00ablista de empaque\u00bb.\" },\n    4: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Exacto!<\/strong> En Espa\u00f1a el comprobante mercantil de entrega es el \u00abalbar\u00e1n\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En Espa\u00f1a se denomina \u00abalbar\u00e1n\u00bb.\" },\n    5: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Correcto!<\/strong> En Colombia, M\u00e9xico, Per\u00fa y Ecuador se emplea \u00abremisi\u00f3n\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En Colombia el documento local de entrega es la \u00abremisi\u00f3n\u00bb.\" },\n    6: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Perfecto!<\/strong> \u00abCuadrar el inventario\u00bb es la colocaci\u00f3n verbal exacta.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En espa\u00f1ol se dice \u00abcuadrar el inventario\u00bb o \u00ablevantar inventario\u00bb.\" },\n    7: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Muy bien!<\/strong> En balances y auditor\u00edas se emplea el t\u00e9rmino contable \u00abexistencias\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En contabilidad y balances el t\u00e9rmino riguroso es \u00abexistencias\u00bb.\" },\n    8: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Excelente!<\/strong> En toda Latinoam\u00e9rica se dice \u00abquiebre de inventario\u00bb o \u00abquiebre de stock\u00bb.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En Latinoam\u00e9rica la norma es \u00abquiebre de inventario\u00bb.\" },\n    9: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Correcto!<\/strong> En Espa\u00f1a el t\u00e9rmino normativo es \u00abpal\u00e9\u00bb (plural \u00abpal\u00e9s\u00bb).\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> En Espa\u00f1a se utiliza \u00abpal\u00e9 \/ pal\u00e9s\u00bb.\" },\n    10: { ok: \"<strong>\u00a1Impecable!<\/strong> \u00abCadena de suministro\u00bb es la traducci\u00f3n exacta de <em>cadeia de suprimentos<\/em>.\", err: \"<strong>Incorrecto.<\/strong> \u00abSuprimentos\u00bb no existe en espa\u00f1ol; se dice \u00abcadena de suministro\u00bb.\" }\n  };\n\n  function mlEx4Ans(q, btn, isOk) {\n    var parent = btn.closest('.ml-options-list');\n    var btns = parent.querySelectorAll('.ml-choice-btn');\n    var fb = document.getElementById('ml-ex4-fb-' + q);\n    btns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = true; b.style.opacity = '0.7'; });\n    btn.style.opacity = '1';\n    if (isOk) {\n      btn.style.backgroundColor = '#ECFDF5';\n      btn.style.borderColor = '#10B981';\n      btn.style.color = '#065F46';\n      btn.style.fontWeight = '700';\n      fb.className = 'ml-feedback-msg ml-feedback-ok';\n      fb.innerHTML = mlEx4Msgs[q].ok;\n    } else {\n      btn.style.backgroundColor = '#FEF2F2';\n      btn.style.borderColor = '#EF4444';\n      btn.style.color = '#991B1B';\n      fb.className = 'ml-feedback-msg ml-feedback-err';\n      fb.innerHTML = mlEx4Msgs[q].err;\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* --- EJERCICIO 5: VERDADERO O FALSO (10 PUNTOS) --- *\/\n  var mlEx5Answers = {};\n  function mlEx5Select(rowNum, val, btn) {\n    mlEx5Answers[rowNum] = val;\n    var row = document.getElementById('ml-ex5-r' + rowNum);\n    row.querySelectorAll('.ml-tf-btn').forEach(function(b) { b.classList.remove('active'); });\n    btn.classList.add('active');\n  }\n\n  function mlEx5Check() {\n    var score = 0;\n    for (var i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {\n      var row = document.getElementById('ml-ex5-r' + i);\n      var exp = row.getAttribute('data-expected');\n      if (mlEx5Answers[i] === exp) {\n        row.style.borderColor = '#10B981';\n        row.style.backgroundColor = '#ECFDF5';\n        score++;\n      } else {\n        row.style.borderColor = '#EF4444';\n        row.style.backgroundColor = '#FEF2F2';\n      }\n    }\n    document.getElementById('mlEx5Result').innerHTML = score === 10\n      ? '<span style=\"color:#10B981;\">\u00a1Perfecto! 10\/10 respuestas correctas.<\/span>'\n      : '<span style=\"color:#DC2626;\">Obtuviste ' + score + '\/10. 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